Constitutional Courts in the Process of Articulating Constitutional Rights in the Post-Communist States of Central and Eastern Europe

This paper analyses the constitutional rights by the constitutional courts of Central and Eastern Europe (CEE), in particular, the equality and anti-discrimination clauses. The CEE is a wide and untidy mosaic of ethnic, national and religious minorities, and communism often tried to stop any open expression under the official national unity. After the fall of communism, nationalistic movements began and this often created a feeling of hostility towards minority groups. This document analyses the variety of situations throughout CEE countries, in terms of political minority protection, linguistic rights and constitutional design of minority rights.